Business Ethics and Values - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2419 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ethics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? BUSINESS ETHICS AND VALUES The decision makers in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Something Rotten in Hondoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  are George the Plant Manager and Bill Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s boss. The primary stakeholders are George, Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family (Mary his wife and two children) , EPA (Environmental Potential Agency), the Mexican government, the town of Hondo, all who are affected by the plants pollution and the environment. George had moved from E1 Pasco with his family four years ago, Texas to Hondo assuming the role of the manager at Ardnak Plastic Inc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Ethics and Values" essay for you Create order This is a plant which manufactures plastic parts for small equipment and has several workers from town of Hondo. George has a very good relationship with his boss Bill. For the past few months George has been getting call from his boss Bill due to the emission of smokestack from the plant is constantly above the Environmental Protection Agency guidelines and if the problem is not solved soon there will be fines to be levied. George has admitted that this has been continues problem, but this can be solved by replacing a new smokestack scrubbers, which corporate headquarters has denied. Bill also commented, other plants were in worse shape than this and they are passing the Environmental Protection Agency standards. So George was out of ideas. As George continued to contemplate this dilemma he begun making phone calls to other Ardnak plants and found that they schedule the mass of their production at night so that when the Environmental Protection Agency take their emission readings du ring the day, they can maintain within the standards. A month later George, still thinking deeply on what to do, during that time he received another phone call from Bill expressing his discontement. Bill reminded George that industrial jobs were hard to find, and if he could not find out a solution to the problem then Ardnak will move the company 15miles south of Hondo to Mexico, where there will be no Environmental Protection Agency. This relocation will result in layoff and continue to pollute the air. George is faced with an ethical issue. Should schedule production at night defend the environment and Protection Agency could read or go to the company and Mexico territory where there is no circle Protection Agency will be forced to hire Mexico. If George and seem great for the production of the night, when the state Environmental Protection Agency does not read, Plastic Ardnak the Inc. will be able to maintain the Hondo hundred workers will lose their jobs. This of course will al ways resolve the concern of the other pollutants drug being pumped into the air and everyday biases. By applying Kantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory, Utilitarian ethical theory, Kohlbergà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Level of Moral Development theory and by using other ethical theories we are able to consider several ethical and socially responsible alternatives to Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision making process. Ethics and social responsibility is the backbone of American business, when a business or an Individual has good or bad ethical standards they must uphold their social responsibilities and conduct themselves in a professional ant ethical manner. Always going through a morally correct decision is so hard even though it is the right thing to do. People and businesses have obligations to do what is right and not to hurt other people. Ethics involves peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perceptions about what à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shouldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  be. Most people are ethical because of what they b elieve to be right. Ethics and social responsibility are growing importance in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic world. In the long run they will make or break a company. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If we run a clean and honest business not only puts the individual ahead in life; it will also move the organization forward with a clean principles. Stakeholders will be aware that they are being treated fairly and return to the company that provides good, ethical services. Utilitarian ethical theory believe that they should make decisions that result in the greatest total utility, that is achieved greatest benefit for all those who affected by the decisions. This decision make relies on a systematic comparison of the cost and benefits to all affected parties. Using such a cost benefit analysis, a utilitarian decision maker calculates the utility of the consequences of all possible alternatives and selects the one that results in the greatest benefits. Accordingly Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decis ion to schedule the bulk of production at night, so that when Environmental Protection Agency takes the reading of the emission it will be low, then George would not be fine and hundreds of people would not lose their jobs. And even George wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t lose his job. As getting jobs in the outside industry is very hard due to the high competition for the job vacancy. This decision will satisfy his wife Mary too. But this decision is not an affective decision because the bad thing is the constant emission of this air will pollute the air in the environment, which can cause problems such as smog, acid rain, the green-house effect which is the main cause for the global warming and holes in the ozone layer. All this problems have serious implications for our health and wellbeing, and to the entire people surrounded us. This decision would ensure the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. The problem is this decision good or bad. If George should undergo with this decision he has to sacrifice and leave out all his moral principles and beliefs. Kantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory of ethics is a deontological ethical theory first proposed by German philosopher Immanuel Kant. The theory, developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; therefore an action can only be good if its maxim, the principle behind it, is duty to the moral law. This theory suggest that, if a person feels it is ethical to lie then that person should feel it is ethical for everyone to lie under the same circumstances in order to protect themselves from punishment. Therefore, if the case is George ethical Environmental Protection Agency under an ethical one must believe in all the same to avoid the Environmental Protection Agency reading in order to save jobs of the Hondo population and his job. Then according to the Kantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory of ethic his decision would be considere d ethical. Because this decision was taken in the circumstance in order to save his own job and to save the population of the Hondo city. Even though it is correct according to the Kantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory, this decision is harming the environment by polluting the air. Moral development people make moral decision based on the consequences of his or her actions in regards to punishment or reward. With respect to the reactions to a moral problem, the person goes through six development stages. The six steps are divided into three main types: pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional. At the pre-conventional stage, the individual learns to behave according to acceptable social norms because they are told to do so by authority figures such as parents and teachers. In the second stage on conventional individuals behave in a manner that will obtain authorization of the company. The post-conventional stage is reached when the morals of an individual have developed to th e level where there is a real concern for the welfare of others and when there is concern about what is right and fair. If George refuses to schedule the production at night to avoid the Environmental Protection Agency in order to save his job and the Hondo populationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job, then the consequences of his actions would result in punishment which would be hundreds lost jobs, fines and he would have been forced to relocate, along with the company or he should shift or find out another job. Any decision of this will cause the environmental problem by polluting the air. Its employees, customers, shareholders, communities and environment in all business. When it comes to their social responsibilities it is important and necessary to consider ethics. Ethics and social responsibility go hand in hand. Leaving out those two given solutions of shifting the production schedule to night and relocating the plant to Mexican city, George can go through other alternative solutions in my point of view. If George really wants to go with his moral principles and be an ethical person; he can just simply leave the company, leaving behind the burden and ethical problem of the company. Though George feels no guilt or concern as the matter is not in his hands. The outcome of it would not be sufficient in long-term as he would be forced to look for other areas of job to maintain stream of income. And he will face a huge problem in seeking a job, as his boss Bill has reminded him that there were very few jobs out in the industry. Or else George can go with another alternative solution of, he can whistle blow to regulating agencies about the immoral policies regarding environmental standards. This would be the ideal right thing to do as the wrong acts are being exposed. The result of this action would be surely George will be terminated by the company. And this will be a black mark in the history of Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life. In order to save his environment, Geor ge will be terminated which is ethically very wrong. The last option George is leftover with is, he can move beyond Bill, and talk to the next high position person in the company and get a solution for the problem he is facing out. There is possibility he/she may sympathize to Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case could overrule Billà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shady proposals. If we think a practical solution for the problem faced by George, George cannot take any decisions thinking ethically or with his moral principles. If George is really very concern about saving the environment from polluting, it is something that cannot be happen. Even if he leaves this job and seek for a new job or else he whistle blow regulating agencies about the immoral policies regarding environmental standards the Ardnak Company will just terminate him. As soon George leave the job or else if George is been terminated, the Ardnak Plastic Inc will immediately recruit an employee for the post hold by George, and someh ow make the new recruited employee to schedule the massive production at night and emit the smoke. Somehow the company will be saved from the fines and taxes Eliminated by Environmental Protection Agency. George will be affected by any of his decision and he will not be able to save his Environment and act along with his principles. So rather than George complaining to higher persons in the company or the regulating agencies, he can act according to the practical condition. Ardnak Plastic Inc Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main objective will be saving their company from this massive fine by any available solution soon as possible. Therefore George can shift the schedule of the production to night, so that during the day when the Environmental Protection Agency too their reading it will be within standards and get rid of those fines and save the company. If George accepts with this he can save his job and thousands of Hondo peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s job as well. Stakeholders George and his family Bill EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Mexican Government Workers of Ardnak Plastic Inc Community of Hondo Key facts George, the plant manager of Ardnak Plastic Inc. is emitting contaminants consistently above EPA. The boss is not ready to invest new scrubbers, therefore the options given for George; correct the problem or face the fines given by the EPA. The other plants have adviced George to release heavy emissions at night when EPA inspector are not there, So George can meet the guidelines. Bill, Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s superior has proposed relocating the plant 15miles south to Mexico, where government regulations on air quality are almost no-existence. George is at a crossroad new, faces with many ethical and social dilemmas. The issues The EPA is fining Ardnak for violating emissions regulations. To avoid the fines, Ardnak is considering moving the plant to Mexico or operating at night so the EPA would not be aware of the emissions. If the plant moves the city of Hondo would lose a major amount of employees. If the plant operates at night the environment would still be harmed and polluted. Measuring actions Continue to monitor the EPA emission levels for the next couple of months after purchasing the scrubbers and compare them to the previous months. Continue to measure profit margin as well. Impact on Image If the public would find out about the negative emission levels society would lose trust in the company. If the public become aware of Ardnakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s effort to become more environmentally friendly society will want to support the company. Plan for future Continue to monitor EPA emission levels to make sure they never reach a dangerous level. Keep equipment update and in working order so the EPA emission levels never reach a dangerous point. Alternatives George to simply leave the company, leaving behind the burden and ethical problems of the company. Though George feels no guilt or concern as the matter is not in his hands. The outcome of it would not be sufficient in the long-term as he would be forced to look for other areas of job to maintain a stream of income. George can whistle blow to regulating agencies about the immoral policies regarding environmental standards. This would be the ideal right thing to do as the wrong acts are being exposed. The result of this action would be termination of George by the company. George can move beyond Bill, and talk to the next high position person in the company. Ethical issues Release heavy-duty emissions at night. Although it helps to pass the reading level of the Environmental Protection Agency, the consequence of this release are the contamination of the air in the environment will increase, which will cause harm to the community and the environment. The relocation of the plant managed by George. Even though this decision would get rid of the Environmental Protection Agency problem, thousands of workers in Hondo will lose their jobs. This will affect the economy of Hondo. References Books O.C Ferrell John Paul Fraedich Linda Ferrell Ethical Decision Making and cases (6th edition) John R.Boatright Ethics and the Conduct of Business (5th edition) Websites https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantian_ethics

Questions On Divorce Mediation Process - 1628 Words

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The Role Of Culture And Community And The Role Of Peers

Alireza is a 4th year, male undergraduate student at the University of California, Irvine majoring in Mechanical Engineering. As a 22-year-old student he is a self-identified second generation Persian American. While Alireza uses the term Iranian and Persian interchangeably to identify himself, he tends to self-identify as Persian more out of â€Å"habit.† He then associates his Persian identity with the long history of Iran, which is conducive to pride. His parents both emigrated together from Iran to Berkeley, California in 1986 years after the Iranian of Revolution. His father specifically migrated to the U.S. for higher education purposes. Three different themes are identified in this interview: The Role of Family, The Role of Culture and Community, and the Role of Peers. The Role of Family Alireza’s family played a significant, but subtle role in his educational attainment experience. Indirectly, his parents bought him â€Å"positive† toys, like Legos, to stimulate his mind, established a lax system of rewards and punishment for him as a young child to encourage him to do well in school, and emphasized the importance of a higher education. He explained that it felt no different from what other parents might do with their own children. Prior to coming to UCI when Alireza was applying for colleges, his parents would ask him casually about the status of his college applications, but would not go as far as to push him to major in a specific field. In fact, he came to UCI notShow MoreRelatedParents And Peers : A Child Who Is Deaf Or Hard Of Hearing ( Dhh )814 Words   |  4 PagesParents and peers play an important role in the holistic development of a child who is deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). Even the progress of the listening and speaki ng or sign language skills of a DHH child is heavily dependent on the consistent involvements of the child’s parents and peers. 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Tools and Consumer Retention in Retail Marketing †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Tools and Consumer Retention in Retail Marketing. Answer: Introduction: The marketing mix is the combination of the various factors which in influential on the marketing activities of the firm (Armstrong et al. 2015). The marketing mix defines the putting of the right products in the right place with right price and through right promotion (Hashim and Hamzah 2014). However, the marketing mix also denotes the placement of the products for the right people with proper physical activities of the firm. The 7ps of marketing mix is the modification of the 4ps of marketing mix. The chosen company Tesco is one of the supermarket leading in the international market. one of the major competitors of the company is the Sainsbury. This section applies the 7ps of marketing mix on both the company in order to identify the difference and similarities with the both for marketing activities. The 7ps of marketing mix are: A wide range of products is offered by Tesco which includes clothing, electronics, foods, financial services and others. The numerous products of different categories are capable of meeting the needs of the customer. In addition, for identifying the needs of the customers, the company has expanded to the online marketing. In the retail stores, the company offers free music and grocery delivery service to the along with the 40,000 other products (Al Muala and Al Qurneh 2012). The consumers are given provided with the options to choose from the variety of the products which includes different brand, regions, production type, international cuisine in foods and so on. On the other hand, the Sainsbury also provides its customers with the choice of varied range of products such as the toiletries, foods, stationaries and others. the company in its retail stores offers 30,000 variety of products. Unlike Tesco, the company has categories its products in terms of premium quality, organic, Be Good to Yourself, Home Collection and many others. In terms of attracting the customers, Tesco attempts to maintain the low price of the products without the lowering the quality of the same. The company has achieved remarkable accomplishment and the competitive advantages in the international market leaving one of the oldest brand Sainsbury behind. In addition, Tesco uses strategies which allow the customers to collect points for future purchase which converts into money at the time of purchasing (Christopher and Peck 2012). Apart from this, Tesco uses price-promotional strategy for loyal customer which provide them discount. The pricing strategy of Sainsbury is based on the quality of the products. Unlike Tesco, the price of products is determined not in terms of the customer preferences, but in terms of the quality of the products. This means that the higher the quality is, the higher the price. The company uses the competitive price policy rather that the price cutting policy. The headquarter of Tesco is situated at the Chestnut, Hertfordshire, England, whereas the stores of the company are spread all over the world. The firm uses both online and offline distribution channels for its products and service. The stores of the firm are of six different kinds such as Tesco Extra, Tesco Metro, Tesco Express, Tesco Homeplus, Tesco Compact and Tesco Superstore. As all the customers are not comfortable in the supermarket, the company uses smaller stores and online forum Tesco Direct for those customers. Sainsbury has 714 convenience stores and 598 supermarkets across the world. The company offers home delivery service along with the online shopping facilities (Melis et al. 2015). Sainsbury initially managed the distribution channels by its own, but after 1970 the distribution channel is handled by DHL, NFT and others. The low price strategy of Tesco is one of the advantages which influences the promotions of the company. The company uses digital advertisements, promotional discounts offerings, charitable events sponsorship, point of sales strategies and so on for the promotions of the products as well as the brand. The promotional activities of the firm are focused on the low price and all the promotional strategies are based on the same which not only increases sales of the products but also secure the brand image in the public. On the other hand, Sainsbury is concerned with the brand image and for securing the same it uses the above the line (ATL) and below the line (BTL) promotional strategies (Bashar, 2012). The company also uses the celebrity endorsement strategies along with the digital media marketing. In addition, the company uses its CSR strategies for promotional purpose. Tesco are enriched with excellent, competent and skilled sales staffs who contribute to the success of the firm (Andreti et al. 2013). The company uses various motivational programs for the workers. On the other hand, Sainsbury is also privileged with efficient staffs. Unlike Tesco, Sainsbury uses training program for enhancing the skills of the labors. Stores of Tesco are not like Sainsbury with excellently furnished features. Tesco stores are minimal and clean whereas Sainsbury stores are attractive variedly organized. This is evident from the detail of 7ps of the marketing mix that both the company uses different marketing strategies for the marketing of its products. Tesco has remarkably achieved the leading position in the international market of retail stores, whereas Sainsbury is lacking behind despite being one of the old company in the market (Bojei et al. 2013). Both the company offer wide and varied range of products to the consumers along with the several advantages facilities. The difference is seen in the promotion and the price of the products. Tesco uses the low price strategy for its promotion while Sainsbury focuses on the quality of the products. On the other hand, the similarities are found within the two companies in terms of the process as both the organizations are emphasizing on the online marketing as well as shopping facilities. However, the overall analysis of the marketing mix of Tesco and Sainsbury makes it clear that the marketing strategies of Tesco is more effective in terms of profitability of the firm. Tesco is one of the biggest and leading supermarket in UK ad successfully running its business across the world. The marketing goals of the company is to achieve the provide the best products to the customers with the possible lowest price. In addition, the marketing objectives of the company is focused to lead the global market of supermarket within the next few years. In order to achieve the marketing goals, there is the need to prepare the marketing plan. The following section presents the marketing plan for Tesco. Apart from this, the aim of Tesco is to provide versatile product range to the customers along with the establishment of the successful combination of both online and offline business activities. Marketing Mix: The marketing mix of the 7 ps needs to be analyzed at the highest priority for the development of the marketing plan. The company already offers wide range of products to the customers. For achieving the marketing objectives, the company needs to focus on providing unique products to the customers before its competitor companies. The competitor like Sainsbury offers products of different categories according to the taste and necessity of the people. Tesco must therefore must incorporate with the demands and the needs of the consumers in order to make it easy for the consumers to choose their desired products. However, the price of the products is low as the strategic focus of the organization is to provide the best product with possible low price. Here, in the pricing strategy, the company requires to do almost nothing as it offers the best price among all the competitors to its consumers. The company needs to focus on the place as one of the marketing mix elements. The competitor company of the firm, Sainsbury has more than 1200 stores throughout the world which is a possible threat to Tesco. The company must focus on establishing more stores around the world in order to reach more global customers. Despite being an active company in online, there are many people who are unaware of the brand. Also, the people who are not technologically advance is unknown of the brad. Therefore, the company must build new stores in different places to reach most of the customers. On the other hand, the promotion of the company is basically online based and for the people who are the existing customers of the brand. The company therefore, should shift its focus to the corporate and social responsibilities (CSR), which will not only enhance the brand image but also will reach many customers. Apart from that, the company can think about the celebrity endorsement like Sainsbury as their p romotional strategy which will definitely be able to attract the attention of the customers towards Tesco. Considering the people of being one of the element of marketing mix, the company is found to have skilled and competent labors. However, the company arranges various motivational programs for the employees, but the it needs to conduct training programs for them in order to enhance and develop the efficiency of the staffs. The efficiency of the staffs will further be able to provide the best service to the customers. In terms of the process of the organization, the company is more focused on the online activities. As mentioned before, the offline and physical activities of the firm will increase the number of customers as this conventional way is ever effective for successful marketing. The last element of the marketing mix, physical evidence, one of the vital aspect of the organization that needs to be given additional priority. The stores of the company are not as attractive as that of the other competitor companies. The organization needs to maintain more organized and attractive d esign in the stores for capturing the attention of the people. The well organized and well-presented stores will attract the customers and therefore increase the firms profitability. The purpose of the action plan is to understand the global market economy for the company in the existing and new market. Having proper knowledge about the market economy enable the company to take appropriate decisions for the marketing activities as well as the business activities. For the current and existing market, the company needs to follow the present marketing strategies. However, for the obverses expansion, the company must keep the products compatible according to the demand and needs of the consumers. On the other hand, the company must analyses and gain a deep knowledge about the economic condition of the host country. The company must introduce the customers of the host country different discount strategies to attract the customers not only to the products as well as the brand. The action plan also needs to include the place. The location of the stores must be accessible for the consumers. On the other hand, the action plan should focus on the most effective and popular promotional strategies which will attract the customers both the existing as well as the overseas market customers. For evaluating the effectiveness of the marketing plan as well as the strategies, the company must measure some the performance of the same. The firm at first needs to identify the possible number of new customers of the firm as the result of the use of new marketing strategies. The demographic analysis also needs to be given priority by the company to understand the ratio of the approval and rejection level of the products by the customers after the implementation of marketing plan. Status of existing customers needs to be evaluated to measure along with the status of the employee number. On the other hand, the economical measurement of the demands and supply will enable the company to understand the effectiveness of marketing plan. In addition, the overall profitability measurement through the analysis of the market share must be taken into consideration by the company at the highest priority. References: Al Muala, A. and Al Qurneh, M., 2012. 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